The principle of laser cutting machine

The principle of a laser cutting machine is to use a high-energy density laser beam to irradiate the surface of the workpiece, causing the material to quickly melt, vaporize, or burn, thereby completing precise cutting. The following is a detailed explanation of the principle of laser cutting machine:

Characteristics of Laser
Monochromaticity: Laser has a high degree of monochromaticity, that is, a single wavelength, which helps the laser beam to be accurately focused on the material.
Coherence: Good coherence of laser means stable phase relationship of light waves, which is conducive to achieving high-precision cutting.
Directionality: Laser has strong directionality and can transmit over long distances without dispersion, ensuring energy concentration during the cutting process.
High brightness: The laser has extremely high brightness and can generate high temperatures at the focal point, sufficient to process almost all types of materials.
The basic principle of laser cutting
Energy Conversion: The laser cutting machine converts electrical energy into light energy through the high-energy laser beam generated by the laser.
Material function: When a laser beam is irradiated onto the surface of a workpiece, the material absorbs laser energy and rapidly heats up to its melting or boiling point, causing melting or vaporization.
Auxiliary gas: Auxiliary gases such as oxygen and nitrogen are usually used to blow away melted or vaporized substances while cooling the workpiece and lens.

Key components of laser cutting machine
Laser source: The core component that generates high-energy laser beams, determining the power and efficiency of laser cutting machines.
Optical system: including mirrors and lenses, responsible for focusing and path control of laser beams.
Cutting head: Precisely irradiate the focused laser beam onto the workpiece for cutting.
Control system: Achieve precise control over the entire cutting process, including laser power, cutting speed, and motion trajectory.

The working process of laser cutting
Material preparation: including cleaning the surface, fixing the workpiece, and selecting appropriate cutting parameters.
Laser emission and focusing: The laser source generates a high-energy laser beam, which is focused into a high-density spot through an optical system.
Material processing: Laser beam is irradiated onto the surface of the workpiece to locally melt, vaporize or ablate the material.
Gas assisted and motion control: Use auxiliary gas to clean the cutting area, and precisely move the cutting head through the control system to complete the cutting.

In summary, the principle of laser cutting machine is based on the unique characteristics of laser, which melts, vaporizes or ablates materials through high-energy density laser beams, achieving high-precision and high-efficiency cutting. With the continuous advancement of technology, laser cutting machines will showcase their unique advantages and potential in more fields.